Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence demonstrates unprecedented adaptive capacity, capable of retraining and reoptimising its parameters within hours rather than generations. A language model can pivot from medical diagnosis to legal analysis to creative writing without structural modification. This domain-agnostic flexibility represents something genuinely novel in Earth's history—an intelligence unconstrained by evolutionary specialisation. The technology adapts not through survival pressure but through deliberate optimisation toward arbitrary objectives.
Shark
The shark's adaptability manifests through 450 million years of evolutionary success. These creatures have survived five mass extinction events, adapting to occupy ecological niches from shallow reefs to abyssal depths. Species range from the Etmopterus perryi at 17 centimetres to the whale shark at 12 metres. However, this adaptation operates on generational timescales—individual sharks cannot meaningfully alter their behavioural programming in response to novel circumstances.