Longevity
The Moon Wins
Penguin
Individual penguins typically survive between fifteen and twenty-five years, with exceptional specimens reaching thirty years in favourable conditions. As a taxonomic order, Sphenisciformes have persisted for approximately sixty million years, surviving multiple extinction events and dramatic climatic shifts. This represents an impressive tenure upon Earth, demonstrating the fundamental robustness of the penguin design. Yet in cosmic terms, sixty million years constitutes a mere fraction of a single percentage point of universal history.
The Moon
The Moon formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago, likely from debris ejected following a collision between proto-Earth and a Mars-sized object. It has orbited our planet since before the emergence of any life form, before the formation of Earth's current continental configuration, before the existence of an oxygen-rich atmosphere. The Moon watched the first single-celled organisms emerge and shall likely persist long after the last human has drawn breath. Its longevity exceeds that of any biological entity by several orders of magnitude.
VERDICT
4.5 billion years of continuous existence versus 60 million years of evolutionary history.